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Calculus (from Latin ''calculus'' meaning ‘pebble’, plural ''calculī'') in its most general sense is any method or system of calculation. Calculus may refer to: == Mathematics == * Calculus, short for "differential calculus" and "integral calculus", which investigate motion and rates of change * Logical calculus, a formal system that defines a language and rules to derive an expression from premises. * Calculus of sums and differences (difference operator), also called the finite-difference calculus, a discrete analogue of "calculus" * In symbolic logic: * * the propositional calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of propositions * * the predicate calculus, specifies the rules of inference governing the logic of predicates * * a proof calculus, a framework for expressing systems of logical inference * * the sequent calculus, a proof calculus for first-order logic * Bondi ''k''-calculus, a method used in relativity theory * Domain relational calculus, a calculus for the relational data model * Epsilon calculus, a logical language which replaces quantifiers with the epsilon operator * Fitch-style calculus, a method for constructing formal proofs used in first-order logic * Functional calculus, a way to apply various types of functions to operators * Join calculus, a theoretical model for distributed programming * Jones calculus, used in optics to describe polarized light * Lambda calculus, a formulation of the theory of reflexive functions that has deep connections to computational theory * Matrix calculus, a specialized notation for multivariable calculus over spaces of matrices * Modal μ-calculus, a common temporal logic used by formal verification methods such as model checking * Mueller calculus, used in optics to handle Stokes vectors, which describe the polarization of incoherent light * Non-standard calculus, an approach to infinitesimal calculus using Robinson's infinitesimals * Pi-calculus, a formulation of the theory of concurrent, communicating processes that was invented by Robin Milner * Refinement calculus, a way of refining models of programs into efficient programs * Rho calculus, introduced as a general means to uniformly integrate rewriting and lambda calculus * Schubert calculus, a branch of algebraic geometry * Sequent calculus, a family of formal systems sharing a certain style of inference and certain formal properties * Tensor calculus (also called tensor analysis), a generalization of vector calculus that encompasses tensor fields * Tuple calculus, a calculus for the relational data model, inspired the SQL language * Umbral calculus, the combinatorics of certain operations on polynomials * The calculus of variations, a field of study that deals with extremizing functionals * Vector calculus (also called vector analysis), comprising specialized notations for multivariable analysis of vectors in an inner-product space 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Calculus (disambiguation)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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